Other Common Names:
Banksian Pine, Princess Pine, Grey Pine, Scrub Pine, Cypress, Juniper.
Jack Pine is confined to small scattered patches in the Province, especially around East Bideford.
Being out of its range, it is stunted and inclined to be quite branchy with a crooked trunk. It grows up to 40 feet in height and around 8 inches in diameter with a narrow, open crown of many short, twisted branches.
It does not grow in pure stands in this province but is mixed with black spruce.
The bark of the Jack Pine is, as a rule, thick, light brown in colour, and broken into large scales. The foliage is light green and the short needles are twisted. Most important, the scales of the mature Jack Pine cones are usually unarmed. The species is of no commercial importance in this province but the wood takes creosote wel] and so could be used for railway ties and poles.
DESCRIPTION
LEAVES: Needle-like, in bundles of 2, usually much-twisted and spreading apart, stiff, 3/4 to 2 inches long, light yellowish green.
FLOWERS: May-June, unisexual; male dark purple, female scarlet, both on same tree.
FRUIT: September, of the second year; a yellowish-brown cone, 1 to 2 inches long usually borne in pairs, usually curved and pointing towards the tips of the branches, the scales thickened, usually unarmed; often remaining closed on the tree for many years.
TWIGS: Slender, tough, smooth, yellowish-green, buds pale reddish-brown, rounded, about 1 1/4 of an inch long.
BARK: Thin, reddish-brown, to dark grey on young stems; becoming scaly and irregular furrowed on old trunks.
WOOD: Medium hard and heavy not strong, variable texture non-porous; brownish-yellow with creamy-white sapwood.
 | Eastern White Pine - Pinus strobus (L) |
Other Common Names:
White Pine, Cork Pine, Weymouth Pine, Pattern Pine, Sapling Pine, Pumpkin Pine, Yellow Pine and Quebec Pine.
The eastern white pine at one time was one of the predominant trees in P.E.I. , but due to wholesale cutting and a series of fires that swept the province only scattered patches now remain. These patches are mainly confined to the south-eastern portion of P.E.I.
Under favorable conditions the tree reaches a height of 100 feet and 2 to 3 feet in diameter. The branches usually grow out at right angles to the trunk in more or less regular whorls of 5. This is not so apparent in old trees or trees growing in crowded stands. In young trees the crown is more or less cone-shaped becoming flat-topped when old.
It will grow on a great number of sites but the best growth is obtained on a moist sandy soil. Here on P.E.I. it grows in pure stands also mixed with spruce, balsam fir and white birch. It reaches its greatest size on rich loams with eastern hemlock, yellow birch and sugar maple.
Its wood is very valuable for pattern stock or similar uses where soft easily worked and even-textured material is required.
DESCRIPTION
LEAVES: Needle-like, in bundles of 5, slender in cross-section, 2 1/2 to 5 1/2 inches long, bluish green.
FLOWERS: May-June, unisexual; male yellow, female pink and purple, both on the same tree.
FRUIT: Late summer or early fall of the second year; a cylindrical stalked cone, 3 to 8 inches long, often slightly curved, brown with thin scales; opening at maturity, falling soon afterwards.
TWIGS: Slender, at first green and downy, later smooth, orange brown, roughened by the leaf scars. Buds sharp-pointed with long-pointed, redish-brown scales.
BARK: Smooth on young stems, dark green, often tinged with brown; on old trunks rough, dark-grey, deeply furrowed into broad, scaly ridges.
WOOD: Soft, light, not strong non-porous; color creamy-white to straw brown, sapwood almost white.
The Eastern White Pine is the provincial tree of Ontario.
Red Pine - Pinus resinosa (Ait.)
Other Common Names:
Norway Pine, Yellow Pine and Canadian Red Pine.Red Pine occurs mainly in three separate areas in P.E.I. These areas are around Murray River district, Fort Augustus district and New London district.
Its best development occurs on deep loamy sand or gravel, but will grow on a great variety of sites. Here, it grows in pure stands also mixed with spruce and balsam fir. It attains a height of 60 feet with a diameter of 1 1/2 feet.
Reliable means of identifying this tree are its distinctive appearance, its long needle-like leaves borne 2 in a bundle and its light reddish, plated bark. The only other native pine of P.E.I. with 2 needles is the Jack Pine, but its needles are much shorter and twisted.
The wood is darker than that of White Pine. It is stronger and heavier than White Pine and is therefore more valuable as structural timbers. Cresote readily penetrates the thick sapwood and for this reason, it. is used for poles and piling. It is very popular as an ornamental tree.
DESCRIPTION
LEAVES: Needle-like in bundles of 2, flat on one side and rounded on the other, flexible, 4 1/2 to 6 1/2 inches long, shiny, dark green.
FLOWERS: May-June, unisexual; male dark purple, female scarlet, both on same tree.
FRUIT: Borne in Autumn of the second year; an ovoid cone, 1 1/3 to 11/2 inches long, the scales thickened at the tips and without prickles, opening at maturity; persisting on the tree until the following spring.
TWIGS: Stout, rough, orange, to reddish-brown. Buds 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch long, sharp-pointed, resinous, with loose overlapping, chestnut-brown somewhat hairy scales.
BARK: Reddish and scaly on young stems, reddish-brown, a divided by shallow furrows in broad, flat, scaly plates on old stems.
WOOD: Relatively hard, straight grained, light, non-porous; slightly reddish with yellowish sapwood.
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